How does Polyvagal Theory relate to Autism?
Brittany Hautz, Licensed Professional Counselor
Neuro-Queer Therapist in Pennsylvania
Understanding Polyvagal Theory and Autism : A Neurobiological Perspective
For many autistic individuals, navigating the world is overwhelming. With sensory sensitivities, social expectations, and unpredictability; meltdowns and shutting down become a common experience. Polyvagal Theory, developed by Dr. Stephen Porges, provides a framework for understanding how the autonomic nervous system (ANS) responds to different environments and how autistic individuals may experience regulation or dysregulation in unique ways.
What is Polyvagal Theory?
Polyvagal Theory explains how the ANS shifts between different states based on perceived safety or threat. It identifies three primary states:
Ventral Vagal (Connected and Engaged): This state is activated when an individual feels safe and supported. It fosters social bonding, curiosity, and emotional regulation.
Sympathetic Activation (Mobilized for Action): This state is triggered when the nervous system perceives a challenge or potential threat. It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate and alertness.
Dorsal Vagal (Protective Shutdown): When the nervous system perceives an overwhelming or inescapable challenge, it may lead to a shutdown response, characterized by fatigue, disconnection, or withdrawal.
Polyvagal Theory and the Autistic Experience
Autistic individuals have naturally diverse nervous system responses due to heightened sensory perception, unique interoception (awareness of internal body states), and differences in social communication. This can manifest as:
Frequent Fight-or-Flight Activation: Environments with bright lights, loud noises, or sudden changes can activate a heightened state of alertness.
Protective Shutdown Responses: When overwhelmed for extended periods, the nervous system may shift into a dorsal vagal state, leading to a need for rest and withdrawal.
Variability in Social Engagement: Social interaction can be unpredictable and energy-intensive, making it harder for some autistic individuals to regulate in social settings.
Supporting Autonomic Regulation in Autism
Understanding the role of the nervous system in autism can lead to more affirming and supportive strategies. Some ways to support nervous system regulation include:
Creating Predictable Environments: Routines and clear communication of expectations help reduce stress and promote ventral vagal engagement.
Sensory Regulation Strategies: Noise-canceling headphones, weighted blankets, movement breaks, and other sensory supports can help maintain nervous system balance.
Body-Based Practices: Gentle movement, breathwork, and co-regulation with trusted individuals can encourage a sense of safety.
Honoring Recovery Needs: Recognizing the importance of downtime and allowing space for recovery can prevent prolonged nervous system distress.
Recommendations
Polyvagal Theory offers an affirming and compassionate lens for understanding the autistic experience, emphasizing the importance of honoring individual needs for safety, predictability, and regulation. By recognizing how the nervous system responds to the world, we can create environments that support neurodivergent well-being and empowerment.
If you’re an autistic adult looking to deepen your understanding of nervous system regulation, somatic therapies like Brainspotting may provide valuable tools for processing stress and fostering resilience. Exploring approaches that respect your unique nervous system can be a powerful step toward self-connection and growth.
For further reading, I recommend Autism in Polyvagal Terms by Sean M. Inderbitzen DSW LCSW and Anchored by Deb Dana, which explore these concepts in depth and provide practical insights into nervous system regulation.
If you’re in Pennsylvania and seeking counseling, consider working with me! I am a Certified Brainspotting therapist who can guide you through this transformative process with somatic specialty services. Explore my website to learn more here!
